Nucleophile (nukleofil)

Explanation about nucleophile

A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bonding relation to a reaction. All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can acts as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition lewis bases.

Nucleophilic describes the affinity of a nucleophile to the nuclei.

Nucleophilicity, sometimes reffered to as nucleophile strength, refers to a substance’s nucleophilic character and is often used to compare the affinity of atoms.

Neutral nucleopilic reactions with solvents such as alcohols and water are named solvolysis. Nucleophilic may take part in nucleophilic substition, whereby a nucleoohile becoms attracted to a full of partial positive charge.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction

In nucleophilic substitution reaction of atoms/groups that have replaced electronegativity greater than C atoms, and the atoms/cluster replacement.

R-X                 +          :Nu                             -> R – Nu⁺      +  X^-

Alkil halida                 Nukleofil netral(neutral nucleophile)     gugus terlepas (leaving group)

R-X                 +          Nu^-                                          -> R – Nu        +          X^-

                                    Nukleofil bermuatan negatif(negative nucleophile)

Example :

CH₃-CH₂Cl     +          :NH₃  ->CH₃-CH₂⁺NH₃ + Cl^-

CH3CH2CH2Br + CN^-  -> CH3CH2CH2-C≡N +Br^-